Ярослав Гашек (чеш. Jaroslav Hašek; 30 апреля 1883, Прага — 3 января 1923, Липнице) – чешский литератор, прославившийся благодаря роману «Похождения бравого солдата Швейка». Кроме него, написал более 1500 фельетонов, юморесок и пьес. Говорил на нескольких европейских языках. О его жизни скопилось немало фактов, которые несложно подвергнуть сомнению, множество легенд и анекдотов о себе автор распространял сам. Родом из простой семьи – дед был крестьянином, отец – учитель без права преподавать в государственных гимназиях. В юности принимал участие в антинемецких протестах, не отличался прилежанием, однажды в компании друзей обошел пешком Чехию, Словакию и Моравию. Много скитался, позже написал заметки о своих злоключениях и выручил неплохие деньги и решил зарабатывать писательским трудом. Не скрывал, что пишет ради заработка. В 1914 году был призван, попал в Россию, вступил в компартию, побывал комиссаром Красной Армии, издавал газету «Наш путь» и был депутатом горсовета, жил в Иркутске. В 1920 вернулся в Прагу и занимался писательством, но последние годы тяжело болел. Свой неоконченный роман про Швейка диктовал секретарю. Гашек так часто шутил о себе, что в известие о его смерти поначалу никто не поверил и на похоронах был только один друг.
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